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Study on the mechanism of improving the biological activity of 96% prochloraz by molecular structure modification

Publish Time: 2024-11-26
As a widely used fungicide, the modification of prochloraz's molecular structure is of great significance to the improvement of biological activity and involves a complex mechanism of action.

First, from the perspective of chemical structure and active center, the original structure of prochloraz contains specific functional groups and active sites. Through molecular structure modification, such as introducing different substituents on the benzene ring, its electron cloud distribution may be changed. When electron-withdrawing groups are introduced, the electron cloud density of the molecule is reduced, thereby enhancing the ability to bind to certain key enzymes or receptors in the target organism. Because the active centers of many biological macromolecules such as enzymes have specific charge distribution and spatial structure, the modified prochloraz can better fit these sites, improve its affinity, and thus enhance biological activity.

Secondly, molecular structure modification affects the physicochemical properties of prochloraz and indirectly acts on biological activity. Modification may change its solubility, lipid solubility and other properties. If the lipid solubility of the molecule is increased, it will be easier to penetrate the biological membrane and enter the target biological cell to play a role. For example, in some long-chain alkyl modification experiments, it was found that alkyl chains of appropriate length can promote the diffusion of prochloraz in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, accelerate its speed of reaching the target site, and improve the bactericidal efficiency. At the same time, the stability of the modified molecule in the environment may also change, such as enhanced resistance to photolysis and hydrolysis, so that it can maintain activity for a longer time after field application, increasing the chance of contact with the target organism and exerting its effect.

Furthermore, from the perspective of metabolic pathways, molecular structure modification may interfere with the metabolic process of prochloraz in the body. Certain modifications can make prochloraz less likely to be recognized and degraded by metabolic enzymes in the body, prolonging its half-life in the body. For example, after special chemical modification of the amino group of prochloraz, its metabolic rate in the fungus is significantly slowed down, thereby maintaining an effective concentration for a long time, continuously inhibiting the growth and reproduction of fungi, and improving the prevention and control effect of diseases.

Finally, prochloraz after molecular structure modification may also trigger changes in a series of physiological and biochemical reactions in the target organism. It may affect key physiological processes such as energy metabolism and substance synthesis in fungal cells. For example, by specifically binding to enzymes related to the mitochondrial respiratory chain, it interferes with the production and supply of energy, causing fungal cells to lack sufficient energy to maintain normal life activities, ultimately leading to cell death. This multi-faceted interference and inhibition of the physiological and biochemical processes of the target organism is an important mechanism for molecular structure modification to enhance the biological activity of prochloraz, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of new and highly efficient prochloraz fungicides.
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